The Soyuz-2.1 a launch vehicle, which will put the Progress MS-17 cargo ship into orbit, was installed at the launch complex of the Baikonur cosmodrome, TASS reports.
As specified in Roscosmos, the launch is scheduled for 02: 27 Moscow time on June 30. At the moment, the specialists have started working on the schedule of the first starting day.
It is expected that the cargo ship will deliver to the station 470 kg of refueling fuel, 420 liters of drinking water, 40 kg of air and oxygen in cylinders, as well as over 1,500 kg of various equipment and materials.
Meanwhile, the head of the state corporation “Roscosmos” Dmitry Rogozin revealed the secret of trouble-free rocket launches.
The future creator of the wings of the Motherland was born on June 27, 1891 near Taganrog. If he had created only the Pe-2 dive bomber and the Pe-8 heavy bomber, he would have already entered the history of aircraft construction. But he has a dozen more epoch-making aircraft on his account.
Designer-prisoner
Fate Petlyakova like the fate of his planes, it has never been easy. A family with 5 children lived poorly after the early death of their father. Because of this, the education that was started had to be abandoned several times. He graduated from the Moscow State Technical University only in 1922. At the same time, he met By Alexey Tupolev, who was only 3 years older, but was already considered a well-known aircraft designer.
Starting with the ANT-2, Petlyakov calculated all the wings for Tupolev aircraft. Then there was the first Soviet heavy bomber ANT-4 (TB-1), the propaganda plane “Maxim Gorky”, the ANT-25, on which Chkalov flew to America in the summer of 1936. Petlyakov is working on a four-engine bomber TB-7, which will later become the Pe-8 and will bomb Berlin in 1941. However, in the autumn of 1937, the NKVD decided that it was better for a fellow designer to take up a high-altitude fighter. Petlyakov, along with a group of TsAGI employees, was put in a “sharaga”.
About torn socks
Leonid Lvovich Kerber he worked in the Tupolev Design Bureau on the electrical part. He left behind several books of memories. In his “Tupolev charade”, perhaps, it is best described what kind of person Petlyakov was. The pre-war years, when the entire team was imprisoned in the Moscow TsKB-29: “One of the newcomers, going into the bedroom and seeing Petlyakov dozing in completely torn socks, was shocked. A man who, two years before the release of the B-17 flying fortress by the Americans, created a Russian flying fortress, Pe-8 ,and a prisoner in torn socks. How well he was thanked!»
& laquo;Petlyakov, & mdash; wrote Kerber, & mdash; was called„the great silent man & ldquo;. Communicating with him, you could not hear a word from him for the whole day. At any meeting, up to the minister, he sat in silence, from the outside it seemed that he was completely indifferent, and only inquisitive and intelligent eyes betrayed the activity of his brain. And this brain was like modern mathematical machines & hellip;
He was disliked, considered a simple executor of the will and decisions of Tupolev, i.e. rather untalented and even poorly educated. In fact, this was not the case. Petlyakov was the head of the first team of KOSOS (design department of the experimental construction sector, & mdash;& laquo;AiF») which designed TB-1, TB-3, ANT-14, & laquo;Maxim Gorky», Pe-8. Of course, the general schemes of the machines were accepted by Andrey Nikolaevich. The detailed design development was conducted by Vladimir Mikhailovich. He designed the Pe-2 car already without any participation of Tupolev. In short, it was a completely independent chief designer.
Outwardly, Vladimir Mikhailovich resembled an American from the Wild West of the times Bret Garth. Small stature, dense, energetic facial features, strong-willed chin, cold gray eyes. Internally, there was no connection with this shell. He was a soft, shy person, he could not shout, much less scold a subordinate, just as he could not complain about them to his superiors. The team knew these traits, respected Petlyakov and worked together”.
Did not come out of the peak
In TsKB-29, Petlyakov worked on a “hundred”;: a high-altitude fighter with two engines and a sealed cabin. However, the top decided that the country needed a dive bomber fighting at low altitudes more. Petlyakov was offered to convert one plane into another. This is about the same as making a snake out of a hedgehog, but the designer got down to business. Of course: freedom was promised for this. The result was a Pe-2, known to many from the wonderful film “Chronicle of a dive bomber”.
“After he converted his high-altitude hermetic fighter” bdquo; 100 “into a front-line diving Pe-2, his group was transferred to plant No. 39.” Wrote Kerber. The aircraft was put into production at plants 39 and 22 in Fili. In the autumn of 1941, both plants were evacuated to Kazan and Vladimir Mikhailovich became the chief designer of the Kazan plant. The plant worked well, in 1942-1944. it produced up to 13 aircraft per day. In the autumn of 1943, Petlyakov was urgently called to Moscow. The weather was bad, and Okulov (directorKazan Aircraft Factory —«AIF »), in order not to risk Petlyakov’s life, decided„Douglas “ (director’s passenger DC-3 —«AIF & raquo;) not to let him fly. Then Vladimir Mikhailovich went to the airfield, agreed with the military and flew to the Pe-2, which was being transported to the front. Near Murom, the plane crashed into the ground and burned down. Sabotage was suspected, the investigation was dressed up, several people were arrested. Stalin ordered a thorough investigation into the cause of the death of the “talented designer and patriot”.
Petlyakov was buried at the Kazan Cemetery. Irony of fate: soon after the war, a coffin was lowered into the ground next to him Vaso & mdash; son Joseph Stalin, who died in Kazan exile. Son of Vladimir Mikhailovich & nbsp;Mikhail Petlyakov, a test pilot, and now (Kerber’s book was first published in Munich in 1971. — «AIF») works at Plant 135 in Kharkiv, where he flies the TU-134».
The investigation showed that the Pe-2 plane with an aircraft designer on board crashed due to a fire in the engine. The fire was caused by a disconnected fuel hose. The hose fell off due to poor-quality assembly. But if it had been adjusted properly, then the Pe planes, perhaps, would still be flying through the sky.
Weekly magazine “Arguments and Facts” No. 25. A difficult task. What has school education come to? 23/06/2021
They say Sergey Krikalev they were removed from Roscosmos due to disagreement with the decision to shoot films on the ISS. Are there any real cosmonauts left in the top management of the corporation?
The expert’s answer is 0 + –
& laquo; Sergey Krikalev is the only one in this plan, — said & bdquo;AIF & ldquo; cosmonautics historian, writer Alexander Zheleznyakov. There are no other cosmonauts who have flown into space in the management apparatus of the state corporation. Previously, there were a lot of cosmonauts in the Federal Space Agency in significant positions. Today cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko he works in two positions, he is the commander of the cosmonaut squad of Roscosmos and the deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center for Security. In addition, many cosmonauts work at enterprises in the subsidiaries of Roscosmos;: first deputy general Designer for Flight Operation, Testing of rocket and Space Complexes and RSC Energia Systems Vladimir Solovyov, Head of the RSC Energia Flight and Space Center Alexander Kaleri and & nbsp;others. But these are not those who are called top managers of the corporation. By the way, after a personal meeting of the head of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin with Sergey Krikalev, the latter retained the position of executive director for manned space programs.
Weekly magazine “Arguments and Facts” No. 25. A difficult task. What has school education come to? 23/06/2021
145 years ago, on June 27, 1876, a boy was born in Odessa. He was the eighth child, but at the same time the only son in the family of a wealthy grain merchant.
The father reasonably believed that the offspring would eventually continue his business. But it turned out differently. The boy was to become a famous anatomist and a key participant in the embalming procedure of Lenin’s body.
The leader of the world proletariat can be treated in different ways, but the preservation of his body has become a huge scientific achievement. And this happened precisely thanks to To Vladimir Vorobyov.
There is a way!
While studying at the gymnasium, Volodya became interested in biology and decided to connect his life with science, and not with the grain trade. Thanks to his uncle, who worked as a doctor, the young man began to visit the Odessa hospital dissection, where he was engaged in dissection, and once even took home an amputated human leg from there.
After graduating from the gymnasium, Vorobyov, on the advice of the same uncle, went to the Imperial Kharkiv University and entered the Medical Faculty, which he graduated with honors. His further career took place mainly in Kharkiv, although there were also absences. In 1919–1921 the doctor workedin Bulgaria, where he headed the Department of Anatomy, lectured at the Sofia University and studied new methods of tissue preservation. The second business trip turned out to be more significant, it also made Vladimir Vorobyov famous, bringing him a high status, honor and recognition throughout the scientific world.
Vladimir Vorobyov (far left) with his assistants at the embalmed body of the leader of the world proletariat, 1920s. Photo: comtourist.com
On January 21, 1924, Lenin died. The Bolshevik elite was ready for his death, and even during the life of the head of state, the possibility of preserving his body was discussed. Some historians believe that Stalin wanted to turn Bolshevism into a new religion and liken the body of the deceased leader to the relics of Christian saints. Others refer to the philosophical ideas of Russian cosmism, which were adhered to by some party figures: they hoped that the deceased (with the preservation of the body) could someday be resurrected. One of them, Leonid Krasin, an engineer by education, who held the post of People’s Commissar of Foreign Trade, proposed to subject Lenin’s body to freezing. On & nbsp; Tom and & nbsp;decided.
In Moscow, there were severe frosts, and after the funeral, Ilyich’s body was placed in the crypt of the first mausoleum, a wooden one built in three days. But it was necessary to urgently figure out how to proceed: at any moment a thaw could come, and spring was not far off.
On February 7, Krasin was ordered to purchase the necessary equipment in Germany, start developing the project and constructing a structure for further freezing. A Moscow professor (future academician) was assigned to monitor the condition of Lenin’s body To Alexey Abrikosov, who supervised his autopsy after his death. In those days, the professor gave an interview in which he stated that modern science does not know how to keep dead bodies in their original state for a long time. The newspaper was in the eyes of Vladimir Vorobyov, who by that time had returned to Kharkiv and was heading the Department of Anatomy there, continuing to work on the concept of preserving the bodies and organs of the deceased.
In a conversation with colleagues, the scientist shared his thoughts about the fact that Abrikosov is wrong: there is a way to preserve a dead body, and he, they say, was convinced of this himself in his experiments. The director of the university became aware of the thoughts of the head of the department, who called him to himself and offered to draw up a memo “upstairs”. Vorobyov refused: the embalming technology he developed, according to him, did not give a hundred percent guarantee, and if something happens to Lenin’s body, the Bolsheviks will not hesitate to put it against the wall.
But the information about the experiments of the Kharkiv professor has already gone to Kiev, and from there to Moscow. A letter about Vorobyov’s scientific work was placed on the desk of Dzerzhinsky, who ordered Vorobyov to be urgently summoned to Moscow. Being already not happy that he got involved in this case, the scientist goes to the capital.
A corpse behind a pink glass
In Moscow, he stops at a biochemist Boris Zbarsky, with whom I am well acquainted. A brilliant organizer, well-versed in the party nomenclature, Zbarsky understands that if Vorobyov’s method justifies itself and Lenin’s body can be embalmed, the authorities will appreciate it.
On March 10 and 12, the commission, which includes Vladimir Vorobyov, carefully examines the body, records the main changes and discusses for a long time what to do next. Really freeze or are there other options? The pathologist Shor, who arrived from Leningrad, suggests varnishing the skin of the deceased’s face to smooth out wrinkles, and also replacing the colorless glasses in the coffin lid with pink ones to make the corpse look better.
Vorobyov shares his thoughts: “It is necessary to treat the body in three ways: to inject embalming fluid through the vessels, immerse the body in the liquid, and inject the solution into hard-to-reach places by injection. I am convinced that glycerin will not worsen the complexion of Vladimir Ilyich. It will also be possible to use colored lighting in the future, that is, the color of the light bulbs. On the question of what to do specifically, hesets out the action plan for the following points: “Take out the body” once. Remove all the liquid & nbsp; & ndash; two. Thoroughly clean the entire body, wash, if possible, all the vessels except the head, in order to remove blood from everywhere. Replace the liquid that is currently there with alcohols, remove the zinc chloride beforehand, clean the internal organs thoroughly, apply a method of preparation with glycerin.
The Commission nods its heads: everything sounds reasonable. However, in the end, he still agrees with Krasin’s arguments that it is better to freeze the body.
Vorobyov returns to Kharkiv. But his friend Zbarsky does not intend to give up. He goes all-in, asking for support personally toDzerzhinskiy. “We are ready to save the body,” he declares on the move, having got an audience with Iron Felix. As a result, the deep freezing project is rejected (although work on it is in full swing) and they decide to stop at the embalming technology. “I am convinced that the proposed method of immersion in a liquid is the only one of the safe ones and there is no other method so reliable for the further preservation of the body at the moment,” Vorobyov writes in response to the official request of the commission.
The anatomist asked for four months to complete all the work, but he managed it earlier. In the middle of June, a month before the end of the allotted period, Dzerzhinsky asked if it was possible to show Lenin to the delegates of the congress of the Comintern, which very conveniently gathered in Moscow. Vorobyov agreed, but he needed two more days to dress up Ilyich and put the funeral hall in order.
On the evening of June 18, 1924, the public saw the embalmed Lenin for the first time. Among the visitors were his relatives. Krupskaya, according to the recollections of eyewitnesses, was crying, and the deceased’s brother Dmitry Ilyich shook hands with Vorobyov and Zbarsky and said: “He lies as I saw him immediately after his death, and perhaps even better.”
On July 26, the solemn delivery of the body to the government commission took place. Through the funeral hall, past the coffin of Vladimir Lenin, Dzerzhinsky, Molotov, Voroshilov, Krasin marched and other party leaders. Scientists were thanked for their work. An hour later, a meeting was held in the Kremlin, at which Vorobyov was the first to speak, who briefly told about the history of the embalming method. The conclusion of the commission read: “The general appearance has significantly improved compared to what was observed before embalming, and is approaching to a significant extent to the appearance of the recently deceased.”
Vorobyov was awarded the title of Honored Professor and 40 thousand chervonets. Zbarsky was given 30 thousand, their assistants were given 10 thousand. When in 1934, 10 years later, the state of Lenin’s body was again evaluated by the commission, it noted that the work done by Soviet scientists was a scientific achievement of world significance that has no precedents in history.
Weekly magazine “Arguments and Facts” No. 25. A difficult task. What has school education come to? 23/06/2021
In Russia, a technology has been developed for recreating dreams with the help of a neural headset.
The domestic interface & laquo; brain & nbsp; & ndash; computer & raquo; uses electroencephalography and neural networks. It will not be possible to recreate the dream in detail yet, but it will be possible to determine its category: pleasant, unpleasant, nightmare, etc. According to scientists, people will be able to record their dreams using such devices already in 2025.
It is also possible that it will be possible to communicate with a sleeping person: ask questions and get answers to them. This was stated by scientists on the basis of experiments in laboratories in the USA, Germany, France and the Netherlands. According to the researchers, the brain is able to perceive human speech in a dreamand respond meaningfully to it. And the idea that the senses of sleepers are completely disabled and do not respond in any way to what is happening around them is outdated. On the contrary, you can establish communication with people who have fallen asleep and even turn a dream into a fascinating interactive experience.
The most convenient time for this is the phase of “fast” and “shallow” sleep, characterized by intense movements of the eyeballs and bright, memorable dreams. And the essence of the experiment is that the volunteers who are in this state confirm with pre-agreed signals (say, eye movementsfrom right to left or with a wink), that they hear and understand the questions that scientists ask them. As it turned out, the volunteers in the “lucid sleep” phase not only answered questions, but even performed simple mathematical actions. And after waking up, they could tell what the experimenters asked them about.
” Am I dreaming or not?»
“Such experiments are carried out in the phase of rapid sleep, because it is there that the sleeper can communicate with the outside world,” explained Mikhail Poluektov, a somnologist, head of the Department of sleep medicine at Sechenov University . – At this time, a person sleeps, but not all: certain areas of the frontal cortex of the brain are awake. More precisely, you can train not to let them fall asleep.
Psychophysicists have developed techniques that allow you to enter the state of lucid dreaming at your own will and then monitor yourself while maintaining volitional control. For this, when falling asleep, a person must constantly ask himself the question: “Am I dreaming or not?» and & nbsp;check the physical properties of the environment around you & ndash; whether they correspond to scientific concepts. Let’s remember how in the movie “The Beginning” the hero was watching a spinning top on the verge of transition to another dimension: if it was spinning without slowing down, then,the hero is asleep. And if the top fell, then everything happens in the real world. The technique of teaching lucid dreams is based on this: a person should pay attention to some things, in the behavior and condition of which he is sure in the real world. “What about the control?» – you ask. After all, if you control yourself all the time, you will not fall asleep. However, this is not the case. A very sleepy person will fall asleep, even if he tries to stay awake, not on this night, but on the next one, or certainly on the fifth day.
“The fact that lucid dreams are possible, I know from my own experience, & nbsp; & ndash; confirmed & laquo;by an AIF & raquo; physiologist Svyatoslav Medvedev For example, I know for sure that if I try, but I can’t dial a number on an iPhone, it means that I’m sleeping and I’m only dreaming about this iPhone, but the existence of sleepless areas of the brain in a person has not been proven. It seems strange to me. People are not dolphins! At & nbsp;dolphin, yes, indeed,one hemisphere is asleep, the other is awake. But our brain works differently. At the same time, it is known that a person even in a dream has certain foci of attention: during “fast” dreams, he feels a lot, sensory information enters the brain. For example, often when the mother is asleep, and the baby starts doing something wrong, she immediately wakes up.
“Some signals from the outside world can break through the barrier of sleep and serve as the basis for the development of events in the dream. For example, a driver who has fallen asleep at the wheel sees something colorful, bright in a dream, and then it turns out that it was the car’s headlights on the oncoming lane, adds Mikhail Poluektov.
“Let’s say you dream that you are in Africa, but for some reason you are wearing felt boots. And & nbsp;in fact, this is a reflection of the fact that the room is stuffy, not ventilated, the batteries are strongly heated, you are uncomfortable, & ndash; gives another example, the director of the School of Modern Psychotechnologies Alexander Mymrin. & ndash; What to do & ndash; wake up, get up, open the window? In order not to interrupt sleep, the brain explains: “You’re in Africa, and it’s hot there. Therefore, everything is fine, sleep on calmly.
And even at the moment of transition from sleep to wakefulness, or vice versa, the brain experiences a state of mild intoxication. A person at this moment can be inspired with anything. This is a gap between sleep and reality, in which you can crawl through and make a suggestion. Psychologists are well aware of this. In such an altered state of consciousness, insights and insights come. Why do some scientists make discoveries in their sleep? All the same: the thought is freed from the shackles.
And if a person answers questions in a dream, consciously reacting to what he is told, is he really asleep? “If you are talking to someone, you are talking, then this is no longer a dream,” Svyatoslav Medvedev believes. “When a subject is communicated with with the help of facial expressions, gestures and some other signals, it means that this personno longer sleeping, – Alexander Mymrin agrees.The sleeper withdraws into himself and does not contact the external environment on a conscious level. Maybe the researchers are passing off something else as a dream? The subject may be in a trance state, which is achieved, for example, by hypnosis. But this has nothing to do with a real dream.
Meanwhile, some experts warn that attempts to come into contact with your nightmares, with characters and experiences from your dreams are not safe. “In a conscious dream, a person tries to get to the unconscious part of his psyche without knowing its nature,” says Mymrin. – And & nbsp;after all, therethere is both a positive and a negative. When a person meets his “shadow”, the dark side, he will be shocked. Such a meeting can end very badly, especially for people with a weak psyche. Trying to solve their problems in this way, a person can drown in them even deeper. You can’t go into the subconscious mind without knowing its rules.
Communication sessions
Mikhail Poluektov has a different opinion. “If such experiences had a negative impact on the psyche, then people who have learned to manage their dreams would suffer from mental disorders,” the expert believes. & ndash; But this does not happen. Apparently, excursions into lucid dreams are not dangerousto a person. On the contrary, they are used for the treatment of certain nervous disorders, in particular for the relief of people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, participants in military operations and victims of violence, who have violent scenes from the past in their dreams.
According to somnologists, two-way communication sessions with sleepers will help answer questions that concern not only scientists, but also ordinary lovers of sweet dreams. For example, why do we see approximately the same subjects in our dreams? Are there prophetic dreams? And & nbsp;what function does Morpheus ‘ dreams carry in principle? “Observation of how a person behavesin a lucid dream and how the activity of various areas of his brain changes, it would allow using computer analysis to see some elements of sleep, Svyatoslav Medvedev believes.And if we have a stable feedback with the sleeper, then maybe we will decipher his entire dream. This opens up huge opportunities.
In Bryansk, there was a heavy rain with a thunderstorm, as a result of which some streets of the city were flooded, RIA Novosti reports.
In particular, storm sewers in the Bezhitsky district failed to cope with the flow of rainwater. There, traffic was obstructed. On the site near the first city hospital, the water reached the windows of cars. In some areas, people were forced to cross the street knee-deep in water.
In addition, hail passed along with the rain. On social networks, local residents complained about damage in the garden.
Before that, there was an abnormal heat wave in the region for a whole week. The day before, the Ministry of Emergency Situations warned residents about adverse weather events.
Earlier, meteorologists reported that the heat in Russia will last until the end of the week. Due to this weather, the sales of fans in the country have doubled.
An international group of scientists has found out that coronaviruses caused epidemics among people in ancient times, the article is published in the scientific publication Current Biology.
One of the mass outbreaks occurred among the residents of East Asia about 20 thousand.& nbsp;years ago. This was found out during the study of the human genome, which has preserved traces of the impact of pandemics on the population.
Proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 indicate the conservative nature of the mechanism used by coronaviruses to damage the body’s cells. Evolution contributed to the consolidation of the genes of people who tolerated infection more easily than others.
We should add that only over the past 20 years there have been three outbreaks of severe coronavirus infections on Earth: SARS-Cov in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019.
Earlier, American scientists found a genetic trace in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, indicating its artificial origin.
We add that the expert called for a thorough study of the origin of COVID-19, otherwise humanity may face COVID-26 and COVID-32.
Russian millionaire from the Forbes list Oleg Burlakov died at the age of 72 from the effects of coronavirus. This is reported by Forbes with reference to sources.
It is noted that Burlakov died on June 23. According to the source of the publication, the businessman died in Monaco, where he returned from Moscow not so long ago.
Burlakov was included in the Forbes list (177th place), his fortune was estimated at $ 650 million. He owned one of the most famous yachts in the world-the Black Pearl. He was also a co-owner of Stroylesbank and the owner of several other companies.
Earlier, Forbes magazine presented the third annual rating of the 30 most promising Russians under the age of 30.
The medical examination program, which will begin in Russia on July 1, will take place depending on the epidemiological situation in the region.This was stated by the head of the Ministry of Health Mikhail Murashko following a meeting with the acting governor of the Belgorod Region Vyacheslav Gladkov.
The minister explained that in regions where the incidence of coronavirus is high, the program of additional medical examination will have to be postponed for some time.
Murashko also told about three categories of patients who will undergo medical examination. First of all, those who have had the coronavirus this year will be invited to a health check. The second group includes patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. The third category includes citizens who have not sought medical help for a long time.
“All these lists have been formed today by the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and medical organizations, and the interaction will go through insurance representatives,” TASS quotes Murashko as saying.
Earlier, the head of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, stated the need, despite the pandemic, to expand medical examination programs, to provide modern assistance to citizens with oncological, cardiovascular and other diseases.
The US missile destroyer USS Ross has headed to the Black Sea, where it will take part in the annual Sea Breeze exercises, the press service of the American Embassy in Kiev reports on Twitter.
The Sixth Fleet of the US Navy has officially announced its participation in Sea Breeze-2021 together with the Ukrainian Navy. Five thousand servicemen and 32 ships will be involved in them. The exercises in the Black Sea will last from June 28 to July 10. More than 30 countries take part in them.
Earlier it was reported that the ships of the Russian Navy will conduct exercises in the Mediterranean Sea near the aircraft carrier of the United Kingdom. Maneuvers of ships with missile launches will take place on June 26.
On the eve of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation announced the start of joint exercises of the Navy and Aerospace Forces. They involve five ships, two submarines, as well as MiG-31K and Tu-22M3 aircraft.
It also became known that as part of these exercises, the Russian Federation for the first time transferred carriers of hypersonic missiles “Dagger”, as well as two MiG-31K fighters to the Khmeimim air base in Syria.
