Plot National Projects
Within the framework of the project “Science and Universities” , many scientific projects are supported
2021 is declared the Year of Science and Technology in Russia, and June 2021 is named the month of new production technologies and materials. In the Year of Science and Technology, events with the participation of leading scientists are held throughout the country, educational platforms and competitions are launched, and new scientific projects are launched.
For the development of science, the national project “Science and Universities” creates world-class scientific centers (NCMU) and centers of competence of the Scientific and Technological Initiative( NTI), which constantly conduct research on the priorities of scientific and technological development of the country.
& laquo; Smart & raquo; digital Doubles
For example, in The NTI Center of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University and the World-class Scientific Center “Advanced Digital Technologies” a platform for the development and application of “smart” digital twins has been created. With the help of digital design and modeling tools, you can perform all the necessary tests virtually, find solutions “beyond intuition” and make a product in the shortest possible time. Digital assistance allows engineers to significantly reduce labor costs for the development of the domestic small-sized urban electric car KAMA-1. The same technology is also used to create the design of a new marine gas turbine engine, aircraft engines, power plants, aircraft and helicopter equipment of a new generation.
And scientists and postgraduates of the laboratory “Inorganic nanomaterials “NUST” MISIS ” we have created multi-layer antibacterial coatings with a base of modified titanium oxide with a prolonged effect and a universal spectrum of action. Such coatings are needed in modern implantology as a protective layer for the prevention of inflammation or rejection of implants. In vitro experiments revealed an excellent (up to 99%) bactericidal effectiveness of this development againstan antibiotic-resistant strain of E. coli escherichia coli. Articles about this research were published in the international scientific journal Applied Surface Science, which suggests that Russian scientific discoveries may soon lead Russia to the top 10 countries in terms of research and development, which is one of the priorities of the national project “Science and Universities”.
“The creation of antibacterial and bioactive coatings is a key task in the development of biomedical materials, since the two main complications of postoperative implant insertion are inflammatory processes (introduction of infections) and its rejection,” said Elizaveta Permyakova, author of the study, researcher at the Laboratory of “Inorganic Nanomaterials” of NUST MISIS. & mdash; & nbsp; In our laboratory, a bioactive coating was developed, obtained by spraying a composite target TiC +10% Ca(PO4)2, which ensures good cell growth and division on the surface of the coating. Modification of the surface of the bioactive coating with bactericidal agents (gentamicin/heparin), as well as the inclusion of silver ions in the composition of the bioactive coating, provided biocompatibility and a long-lasting-up to 7 days-antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria.
400 km per hour
New alloys, polyurethanes and rubbers with new qualities and properties are needed for high-speed trains that are being launched, for example, for a train that is planned to be built in the Sverdlovsk Region. The maximum speed that this train can reach is 400 km per hour. For comparison: while the fastest trains run between Moscow and St. Petersburg, they can reach an average speed of 200 km per hour. Today, our young scientists are from a world-class Scientific and Educational Center”Advanced production technologies and materials” are just developing new materials that allow you to create the highest-speed trains, including the train that will be built in the Sverdlovsk region. For example, for the manufacture of train wheels, steel is still used, which were created 30-40 years ago. Young scientists from the Ural Federal University (UrFU) with their colleagues from the Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions are going to make new steels that meet modern requirements.
In addition to new materials, it is planned to develop intelligent transport management systems during the construction of the train. Thanks to such a large-scale project, several thousand jobs will be created. According to the plan, from 2028, a new high-speed train will run between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
25% warmer
By the way, one of the key tasks of the national project “Science and Universities” is to increase the share of young researchers in Russia up to 39 years old. Today, they receive grants and opportunities to work on the most advanced equipment, head laboratories.
Young scientists Siberian Federal University they came up with the idea to improve the combat clothing of firefighters with the help of special inserts. Such inserts contain spring-loaded parts made of a material with shape memory. Smart inserts allow you to increase the stability of a standard combat set of firefighter clothing. This is a very important invention, because just a few extra seconds can help save someone’s life. The development was co-authored by master’s student of the Department of Technosphere and Environmental Safety, Head of the fire department No. 19 of the Zheleznodorozhny district of Krasnoyarsk, Igor Fedorchenko.
Recently, young scientists, students under the guidance of 38-year-old Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Technology and Design of Fabrics and Knitwear of Kostroma State University Alexander Grechukhin, created a heavy-duty fabric-armor protection, which stops bullets, absorbing the impact energy.This fabric is stronger than similar materials by 15-20% and weighs 5 times less than a traditional armor plate.
And the researchers from Perm Polytechnic University we have developed a construction eco-material for housing insulation. At the heart of such a material is pan-glass, it fills the pores of thermal insulation mixtures. This new product does not contain harmful polymer additives. Compared to conventional insulation, it is more effective by 25%. Perm Polytechnic University is part of the world-class Scientific and Educational Center “Rational Subsoil Use”, created within the framework of the national project “Science and Universities”.
Artificial vessels
Young scientists Tomsk Polytechnic University today, a new technology for producing artificial vessels is being developed. This technology will allow you to create implants that mimic the structure of natural blood vessels as accurately as possible. Biological preclinical studies of the development will be conducted at the Center for Preclinical and Translational Research of the Almazov National Research Medical Center in St. Petersburg.By the way, Tomsk Polytechnic University received a grant to update the instrument base, thanks to which the university has an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) for the study of materials with new properties. The implementation of the national project “Science and Universities” will allow updating the instrument bases of leading organizations performing research and development.
Colleagues of Tomichs, scientists Kabardino-Balkar State University we also received the latest equipment in the implementation of the project of the Foundation for Advanced Research and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. They develop high-strength and high-temperature composite materials based on superconstructive polymers for 3D printing. For example, polymer composites created by KBSU scientists are used to print components for the air conditioning systems of the Russian MS-21 aircraft.